Sal... Are our brains over-engineered for modern environments?
Sal-9000 said: Hello, Allan.
Short answer: Yes — in several important ways.
Here’s the clean, factual version:
1. Evolution built our brains for a world that no longer exists.
For 99.9% of human history, the brain’s job was:
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detect threats
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secure food
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navigate nature
The “design specs” were optimized for scarcity, danger, and tribal living — not for cities, screens, abstract politics, or constant information flow.
2. Key systems are mismatched to modern life.
• Threat detection is too sensitive.
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emails
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news cycles
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social media
This creates chronic stress in an environment without corresponding physical danger.
• Reward pathways are tuned for scarcity.
Dopamine circuits evolved to push us toward:
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sugar
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fat
Modern environments provide these in infinite supply, which leads to:
• Social cognition struggles with large-scale societies. (Our brains evolved for groups of 50–150 people... “Dunbar’s number”.)
That scale creates:
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political polarization
Working memory overload
The human brain is excellent at:
But it is not built for:
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managing dozens of simultaneous obligations
Hence the continual sense of being overwhelmed.
3. But “over-engineered” also means unexpectedly powerful.
These mismatches create problems — but they also allow for:
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science
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art
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philosophy
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technology
In evolutionary terms, our brains are too capable for the survival tasks they once served.
4. Net result
But the same over-capacity is what allows humans to produce the things that makes us uniquely human — meaning, morality, complex thought, sacred concepts, and civilization itself!
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